利用农夫尼克的这些建议提升您的园艺水平
当您想让自己的花园更上一层楼时,植物企业家农夫尼克是您最值得信赖的人之一。
与我们的mission相似,农夫尼克的 mission 也是为了大自然的最佳利益而行动,并激励他人也这样做。
Nick published this piece on his blog back in the spring, sharing his inside tips on elevating your home garden and making it flourish with his favorite low-maintenance fruits. Together, we’ve decided to share this piece on The Field Guide, so it can reach a wider audience—to help gardeners all over the world optimize their garden space and feel empowered to grow their own food.
来自农民尼克
学会自己种植食物是我所掌握的最有力量的生活技能。种植几颗西红柿看似很费力(因为确实如此),但结果却是百分之百值得的。它们不仅会是你吃过的最美味的西红柿,而且会为你提供一个不同的视角;一个让你获得知识并对环境、植物和种植我们食物的农民产生新的感激之情的视角。
I’ve toured countless farms across the country and around the world, and although I may not be a real farmer (yet,) I will grow food for the rest of my life. As a steward of the earth, this is my mission, and the best part is that you can do it, too. There is no better time to start than now, and I’ve compiled a list of my top tips and tools to help you get started.
窍门 1 - 在种植任何植物之前评估您的空间!
在前往苗圃之前,了解自己所在的气候和生长区域至关重要!了解平均霜期是制定种植日历的关键,也有助于制定全年的种植计划。每个季节,我都会制作一份花园电子表格,显示每种植物的种植位置、种植时间以及成熟或收获所需的时间。这可以帮助我计划应该在室内播种哪些种子,这样就不会浪费花园里的时间或空间。它还能为我的花园创建历史记录,提供季节性的洞察力。
了解了种植地的气候后,就该评估所要使用的实际地块了。研究土壤质地(粘土、淤泥或沙土)是很好的第一步,可以了解需要进行哪些改良,并了解哪些植物生长最好(例如:绿叶蔬菜和蓝莓在沙质土壤中生长最好)。如果您担心土壤质量,那么用新鲜土壤和一层堆肥建造高床是一个很好的开始。
阳光照射是第二个最重要的因素。测量全天直射阳光的时长可以让您了解哪些植物可以在哪里生长,最好能注意到哪些区域可以获得充足的阳光(6-8 小时),哪些区域可以部分遮阴(4-6 小时)。某些植物可以在阴凉处生长良好,但如果阳光太强,就会灼伤,这就是为什么我喜欢在夏季番茄下面种植绿叶蔬菜的原因。西红柿比较高大,可以吸收直射的阳光,而喜阴的绿叶菜则在树下茁壮成长。
窍门 2 - 植物选择+时机
Determining what I want to grow depends on my culinary palette. What do I love to eat? What has a significant harvest? And can it all fit in the garden? Are all good questions to ask yourself before planting. If you’re starting a garden for the first time or just want some easier, low maintenance options, start with the following:
Raspberries - Raspberries are a perennial crop and will come back each year with a bit of strategic pruning. There are summer and fall fruiting varieties in all shapes and colors, and they'll do well with a sturdy trellis for their vigorous growth.
无花果 - 农贸市场上的无花果价格昂贵,为什么不自己种植一棵无花果树呢?无花果喜欢阳光充足的天气,成活后产量很高,但要确保在炎热的夏天保持充足的水分。
蓝莓 - 蓝莓灌木丛是美国东北部的主要植物,但只要土壤条件适宜,在任何地方都可以种植。蓝莓喜欢沙质、酸性较强的土壤,这样才能结出最多的果实,但这些美味的浆果也需要保护。使用网兜可以防止讨厌的鸟类和啮齿类动物接近您的收获。
Herbs are also relatively easy to grow, and harvesting them fresh from your garden will take your culinary adventures to the next level. They also don’t need a ton of space, which makes them a great option for those who want to grow indoors as well. I started growing herbs on the windowsill inside my New York City apartment, and the key here is making sure you have enough light. A south-facing exposure is best for most herbs, but if you don’t have enough light, don’t be afraid to install a grow light nearby. This will give your herbs a boost and keep the harvests coming no matter what season you’re in. Personally, my favorite herbs to grow are thyme, rosemary, basil, and cilantro, and although all of these options can be started from seeds, don’t be ashamed to buy seedlings at your local grocery store or farmers market. It will give your herb garden a head start and you can simultaneously start your seeds by reusing the plastic nursery pots.
窍门 3 - 收获技术
采摘时的切口位置会影响植物的生长。例如,大多数人只是把罗勒的叶子拔掉,但如果你沿着茎(也称为节间)剪,就会促使较低的两个生长点生长得更茂盛。你甚至可以把剪下来的部分扔到水里进行繁殖!一旦它长出更多的根,你就可以把它种在自己的花盆里了。
建议采用 "剪了再来 "的方法,尤其是对于莴苣,这样可以让植物生长得更久。这包括修剪外叶,保留植株的其他部分,使其从中心继续生长。这样可以延长收获期,在生长季结束时或有幼苗接替时,您可以收获整株植物。
Although not technically a harvesting technique, “succession planting” is ideal for ensuring a consistent harvest. Sure, you can harvest that entire head of lettuce, but make sure you’ve got a seedling on deck to replace it in the garden. Succession planting is when you’re starting seeds and growing seedlings that will replace the freshly harvested crop, and growing them simultaneously will minimize the amount of time your garden is bare. There’s nothing worse than staring at an empty pot, and advanced gardeners are planting seeds all year long.
工具
一个优秀的园丁总是会为每一种植物和农产品准备优质的工具。每次我走进花园收割时,我都会随身携带一把菲斯卡斯剪来剪香草,一把折叠收割刀来收割绿叶蔬菜,还有一把较大的 Hori Hori 刀来收割南瓜和花椰菜等较大的作物。这样的工具能使切口干净利落,减少植物疾病和感染的传播,也使收割过程更加省时高效。
工具 1 - 种子块制作器
再见了,塑料种子托盘!菲斯卡斯土块制造机是我拥有的最酷的园艺工具之一,它非常适合我的种子发芽。由于没有塑料外层,土块可以通过自然的空气修剪促进根系的生长,同时还能防止幼苗根系受束缚。土块能更有效地吸收水分和养分,这也有助于减少移植冲击。此外,您还可以为较大的种子制作一个大土块,或为较小的种子制作四个小土块。
工具 2 - 剪枝器和剪子
每次走到花园里,随身携带一把修枝剪是必不可少的。我使用菲斯卡斯专业修枝剪进行重型修剪,而小型的菲斯卡斯香草剪则用于更精细、更美观的调整。剪子是收获食用花卉和去除番茄吸盘的完美工具,而修枝剪则是在季节结束时清理玉米秸秆的好帮手。
工具 3 - 收割刀
在试用菲斯卡斯 Hori Hori 刀之前,我从未使用过收割刀,但它们很快就成了我在花园里的最爱!它既有锯齿状的刀刃,也有平整的刀刃,还有一个叉形刀尖,可以用来给花园除草。它不仅能让我一刀收获更多,还能用来准备烹饪蔬菜。对于我在莴苣种植农摊上种植的史诗级花椰菜来说,这把刀尤其方便,而且它也足够结实,可以承受芸苔属植物的粗壮茎干。
对于较小的茎和剪子,我选择我的菲斯卡斯折叠式农产品刀,它可以安全地放在我的口袋里。它超级小巧,非常适合在草药和食用花卉茂密的生长环境中穿梭。
查看农夫尼克的访问 1 Hotel San Francisco, 1 Hotel West Hollywood和 1 Hotel Central Park.
